Calculating machine



Sept. 15, 1931. F. A; HosAcK CALCULATING MACHINE sheets-Sheet 1 FiledAug. 11, 1925 @5 I 35mm/i6 @540600K 114/3 abme/13 )FHM/ y Inventor Sept.15, 1931. F. A. HosACK cALcuLATING MACHINE Filed Aug. 11. 1925 5Sheets-Shea?l 2 wuwuboz 5MM/wia 61. Mack 3391# btomc/n F. A. HOSACKCALCULATING MACHINE Filed Aug.

Sept. 15, 1931.

11, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Snom/woz t (loack Grimme/13 SePt- 15, 1931. F.A. HosAcK 1,823,859Il CALCULATING MACHI NE Filed Aug. 11, 1925 5Sheets-Sheet 4 SePtl5, 1931. F. A. HosAcK 1,823,8559

CALCULATING MACH-11m*l Filed Aug. 11, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 PatentedSept. 15, 1931 PATENT OFFICE FRANCIS A. HOSACK, F NEW YORK, N'. X.

GALCULATING MACHIN E Application filed August 11, 1925. Seriall No.49,565.

My invention relates to computing machines and particularly to thatclass where 'adding and subtracting operations are carried on inconjunction with totalling and listing. In the preferred form in which Iillustrate my invention there are many new Y and useful features bywhich I can produce a machine of the widest application with simpleconstruction and one adapted to low A cost manufacture. Among theadvantages are the keystems which are not only completely selective butof which only two forms are needed for a keyboard of any capacity whilemy convergence of the sector bars is so arranged that a large numberlmay be included within a very small space. This, together with myimproved type of keys,

allows me to produce a light, compact andY inexpensive machine. Anotherfeature of my invention is 'that the selectivity of the keys is aided bythe stop arrangement on the actuator b ars for the reason that thesestops are so arranged that only one on each actuator bar is effectivefor any ke of that column; that is, each key of the co umn has v its ownstop .on the actuator bar and no other stop will affect that key. Otherfeatures are the forward step motion for the transfer in addition andthe backward step mo- 33 tion for the transfer in subtraction, both ofthese operations being positive and so related in their movements thatthey function the whole width of the keyboardwithout any specialprovision being made for an a1- lowance of time in which this is done.The .forms of'my adding and subtractin mechanisms are somewhat'.different in t e machine to be described but they are interchangeableto the extent that my subtract- 43 ing mechanism may be equall welladapted to the adding operations; a ecided advantage in particular resct of manufacturing and simplicity. Anot y er advantage is foun in theactuator locks which immediately withdraw from all actuator bars to theright of the key depressed while the others remain in and thiswithdrawal in coaction with the i zero locks which are individuallyreleased on a key depression, permits the'l actuator .50` movement inaccordance with lthe number inserted without a complication of parts andinvolved movements of the mechanism. In the printing operation it hasheretofore required ingenious combination of parts to prevent theprinting of ciphers to the left of the number in the machine whereas Iaccomplish this by a very simple relation of the cipher locks of theactuator bars which act in sequence from the left and so act until thatsequence is broken and no actuator bar can move and therefore no cipherbe printed except on the columns corresponding to the number required tobe printed. In general, the art uses only a solid and continuous framefor restoring the actuator bars whereas I provide a separate restoringframe for each actuator bar which also has a predetermined step motionseparate from the motion imparted by the operating shaft; this stepmotion bein of particular value in permitting me to e ect the transferin a simple and rapid manner. Other and further advantages and benefitswill appear in the following specification and drawin The form chosen isfor the purposes of 1llustration and explanation only. Furthermore thedrawings which form a part of the specification are diagrammatic and areto be takenonly as illustration of the rinciple of my invention asapplied in a pre erred form.

While I show my invention in its preferred form for the purposes ofillustration only, many changes and modifications may be made withoutdeparting from the principles which I disclose in the followingspecification of which the drawings form arpart. In these drawings forthe sake of simplification, I omit some operating elements which arewell known in the art but which are not included in my invention andwhen I refer to such elements or means it will be understood that theyare such as would be applied by one skilled in the art. In the drawings:Figure 1 is a fragmentary vertical longitudinal sectional view throughthe machine showing the relation of the keyboard actuator bar andprinting and registering mechanism in normal position.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary vertical longitudinal sectional view taken onthe-same line as Figure 1 and showing the printing and registeringmechanism in. a slightly different position, the adding pinions being 1nmesh with the printing segment and the step lever being in closed orlocked position.

Figure 3 is the same as Figure 2 but with the stop leverI in open orunlocked position.

Figure 4 is a vertical fragmentary section taken on the line 4-4 ofFigure 1 and showing part of the series of actuator bar locks.

Figure 5 is a smaller fragmentary section taken on the line 5-5 ofFigure 1 and showing part of the series of zero locks.

Figure 6 shows a section throughf the restoring frames on the line 6-6of Figure 1.

Figures 7-12 are detail views showing the related action of the steplever on the actuator bar and the foot of the step lever.

Figures 13-16 show the subtracting mechanism.

Figures 17 to .19 inclusive are side elevation views showing the cipherlock and cooperating elements in different positions assumed in theoperation of the machine.

Figure 20 is an end elevation taken in the direction of arrow A ofFigure 17.

Figure l2l is an end elevation taken in the direction of arrow B ofFigure 17.

Figure 22 is a fragmentary perspective view showing the relation of thebevelled projections on the cipher locksx Figure 22a'is a diagrammaticview taken on a line through two ofthe cooperating projections 137 and138, as on the line 22a22a` in Figure 22, said projections being shownin five different positions which are assumed during the operation ofthe machine.

Figure 23 ,is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view through thekeyboard portion of the machine showing the keystem lock, the actuatorbar lock and the zero lock.

Figure 24 is a' composite vertical sectional view taken at right anglesto Figure 23 and showing the -keystems and their relation toI theactuator bar stops.

Figure 25 isl an edge view of that portion of one of the rack barscarrying the keystem stops.

Figure 26 is a detail showing the relation of the actuatorbar to akeystem when the key is in depressed position.

Figure 27 is a front elevational view of the actuator bar assembly withthe several actuator bars disposed somewhat farther apart than' in theassembled machine.

Figure 28 is a top plan view of the actuator bar assembly with a portionof that end of each of said bars which carries the key stops omitted.

Figure 29 'is a perspective viewof one of -the actuator bars wlth aportion of the respective end sections omitted.

It will be understood that wherever .I speak of front or forward it willmean 1n lrelation to a person facing the keyboard and rear or rearward-would be away from such person. Also, when I speak of right or left, itmeans to the corresponding direction of the above person who faces themachine. j

In Fig. 1, I show a column vof keys 1 to 9 inclusive arrangedlongitudinally of the machine, their tops being smaller than usuallyused so that in conjunction with the type of actuator bar and'keystemused, I am able to secure a smaller and more compact keyboard than wouldotherwise be possible. These keys are sup ported and guided in suitableplates 10, 11 and 12 which are superposed relative to each other and liein horil and bottom series (see Figs. 25 and 26).-

The actuator bars pass through the keystems (see Fig. 26) which formvertical guides for the actuator bars and prevent their lateralmovements so that if no key is depressed in their path, the actuatorbars, yassuming Athat they are not otherwise held, may move freelythrough the keystems. [In Fig. 23 at 1 to 9 inclusive I show a verticalrow of such keystems and in Fig.- 24 the numerals 18 to 26 inclusiveindicate'respectively one key in each `of the longitudinally alignedrows, the ligure representing a com` posite section taken at rightangles to Figure 23, the key 18 representing the key in the lower orfront left hand corner of the machine (the numeral .1), the key 19representing the second key from the left in the row oftwos, or secondrow from the front of the machine, and so on diagonally across thekeyboard to 26,'which represents that nine in the nine row which ispositioned in the extreme upper right hand corner of the keyboard.` Eachkey` is heldk in its normal position by a compression spring such as 27acting between the plate 11 anda double seat 28 which may be pressedfrom the body of the keystem as shown although many other means may beemployed. To the one side of each keystem is a. keystem lock such asV at29, supported at each end as at 30 and 31 (Fig. 23) so `thatit can swingin. and out 'of engagement with the depressions on the keystems, theselocks being controlled by mechanism (not shown) well known in the art.The keystems are shown as consisting of only two forms, the desired pthe keystems.

23 Aand 25 have a -responding increase in effectiveness.

selectivity being secured by associatiii `apart A of the keystems in theassembly in t e)y reversed position. Each keystem has/a restrictedopening as at 32 (Fig. 24) with largerl openings 33 and 34 above andbelow. The restricted openings 32 serve as guideways for the actuatorbars, maintaining them in alignment with one another as well as inposition for engagement of their keystem stops with the` appropriatestops on The only difference in the two forms of keys is that those of18, 20, 22, 24, and 26 have a projection 35 extending into the opening33 whilethose of 19, 21, projection 36 extending into opening 34.

The keystems 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 correspond to those of the numerals1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 and it will be observed that the keystems 20 and 24`(the 3 and 7 keys) are reversed in position, so as to bring projection35 on the opposite side, from the keystems 18, 22 and 26 (the 1, 5 and 9keys). The keystems 19, 21, 23 and 25 correspond to the numerals 2, 4, 6and 8 and the reversal of position here is between keystems 19 and 23(the 2 and 6 keys) and 21 and 25 (the 4 and 8 keys). As they areentirely reversible, -I need only these two simple forms of keystems tomakean entire keyboard thus roducing economies in manufacture and ma git possible to produce a machine of very much more compact form than isnow possible and with a cor- Furthermore, each' key has its stop on theactuator bar and noother stop, either top or bottom, of that actuatorbar is elfective for that key. This is apparent from Fig. 26 which showseither keystem' 19 or 23 in its depressed position and the relation ofthe actuator bar thereto. In this position the projection 36 hasy comeinto the path of lits stop on the actuator bar, thereby preventingfurther travel'of that actuator bar whereas all other stops lieunobstructed in the apertures 33 and 34 of the keystems. It will also benoted that in Fig. 24, the particular stop on the actuator bar for eachkeystem is indicated by dotted lines in the upper or lower aperture ineach of the keystems and while the actuator bars pass freely through thekeystems in the position they arein as shown inFig. 24, the depressionof any key will bring AVone or the other of projections 35 and 36 inthepath of its partlcular stop on the actuator bar to be affected and noother stop willV be effective for any purpose. The actuator bars such asat 13 in Figs. 1 and 23 are ofthe fiat strip type having stops on theirupper and lower edges on their keyboard or outer or forwar vends aspreviously explained and shown in Fi'g. 25 and their shape isas shown inFig. '29 for a reason to be Vexplained later. On the inner or rearwardends of these actuator bars are toothed racks 37 (Fig. 1) and neartheouter frame as shown at 44, etc. and there is an opening as at 48, etc.Pins 52 etc. are provided, against which are adapted to lie the arms 56,etc. which are fixed to lnove with the keystem locks 29. The upper edfreportions of these actuator bar locks are ormed of two plane surfacesmeeting at an angle to each other so that the flat springs 60, etc. maypress a ainst one or the other of these surfaces as esired and thusserve to retain the actuator bar locks in their locked or unlockedpositions. It will be evident that when no numbers are in the machine,the locks will depend perpendicularly as indicated by the position of 40and 41 with the solid parts of their lower ends in the cuts 38 of theactuator bars and consequently all actuator bars are locked againstmovement. However, when a key is depressed, the keystem lock 29 ismomentarily thrown out in the downward passage of the keystem and thismovement of the keystem lock carries with it its arm, such as 58, whichacts against pin 54 to swing the actuator bar lock 42 over so that thesolid part moves out of the cut 38 on the actuator bar. The opening 50of the lock will then register over the actuator bar to permit its freemovement according to the number put in the machine, and the actuatorbar lock which has been moved will remain unlocked by virtue of the lflat spring 62 as described but these locks are returned to their normalposition in the restoring action ofV the machine. It will be also seenthat if a key to the left of the first column is depressed, the'unlocking movement of the actuator bar lock in that column will carrywith it and cause to unlock all of the actuator bar locks to the rightwhile those to the left remain locked. This is shown in Fig. 4 wherelock 42 has forced lock 43 to disenga e from its actuator bar and thiswould fo low for all other actuator bar locks to the right. The lefthand actuator bar locks, such as 40`and 41 remain unaffected. Thereforeit follows that. all actuator bars to the right of any key de' pressed,including the one depressed, are immediately released to permit theactuator bars to move while all actuator bars to the left of the keydepressed remain in and those' actuator bars cannot move.4 Upon therestoring of thevmachine, all of the actuator bar locks which have beenreleased are thrown in, upon return of the actuator bars, by anysuitable means which would be apparent to one skilled in the art. Forlinsuring v the printingof zeros in those columns in which no key isdepressed tothe right of the one in which a ke has been depressed, zerolocks are provide The zero locks are also operated by the keystem locksas indicated in Fig. 5 where several of such locks are indicated at 6465, 66 and 67 and which are pivoted to the e board frame, as at 68, etc.as in the case of t `e actuator bar locks. Similarly, these zero lockshave the flat s rings 72, etc. to act on the top surfaces o these locksand retain them in either the locked or unlocked positions. Fixed to therear end of each keystem lock is an arm 7 6, etc. which is ladapted tocontact with the pin 80, etc. on one side of the adjacent zero lock.

4Consequently when any key is depressed to throw out the ke stem lock29, the zero lock of the actuator ar of that column will be thrown outof the cut 39 of the actuator bar, which is the position of lock 66 ofFig. 5. lThe action of these zero locks differs from that Vof theactuator bar locks in that they move independently of each other andremain locked except when they are individually thrown out by a keydepression in their corresponding columns. As with the actuator barlocks, the zero locks may have any of the means well known in the artfor again bringing them from the unlocked to the locked position lin therestoring movement of the machine. The slot 39 in each of the actuatorbars, into which the corresponding zero lock enters, is wider than thelock by an amount equal to the distance which the actuator bar musttravel to bring the lprinting segment (to be presently described) intoposition to print a zro. It is the com,- bination of the actuator barlocks and the zero locks which insures the printing of zeros to theright of any key depressed and inhibits the movement of any actuatorbars to the left of that key. This is for the reason that any actuator`bar lock which is thrown out will carr all of its right hand neighborswith it an so release those-actuator bars while they zero locks ,onlyrelease i individually. Consequently when the actuator bars are releasedby their locks, those having numbers in their columns will move rearwarda corresponding distance while those having zeros, the zero locksremaining in, will only be able to move to the extent ofA the slot 39which is just suiiicient to bring the printing element from blank tozero position as will appear later.. The actuator bars to the left ofthe amount will have their locks in engagement and cannot'move and theirprinting segments therefore remain in the blank position.

As before mentioned, each actuator bar has a rack, such as at 37, on itsrearward end which engages with a printing segment 84 by means of thetoothed portion v85.

' These segments, are preferably mounted on a common `,shaft 86 withproper provision `86 which I illustrate as having type on the edge toact in conjunction with the ribbon 87 and the movable platen 88; thisplaten having a shaft 89 and being shlftable through the medium of anysuitable mechanism known to those skilled in the art. The printingportion 86 of the printing segment 84 would ordinarily have elevendivisions; one blank and the others composing type from 0 to 9consecutively although I am not limited to this but can add symbols ofvaried nature beyond the ones indicated by extending the printingportion 86.

It will be noted that the printing portion 86 is at a greater distancefrom the shaft 86 than is the toothed portion 85. This is done in orderto provide a greater degree of movement for the printing portion 86 fora given movement of the toothed portion 85 and I can vary thisproportional movement for any given conditions to be. met. The ribbon 87may be one applied and actuated by any of the means and methods wellknown in the art while equally common means may be used to force theplaten 88 against the type faces in the printing-o eration. The adding'sion or lip 97 which pertains to the subtracting operation to beexplained later. Also, beneath each pinion lock is a stop 98 which actsin conjunction with a cam lock or other suitable means 99 by which thispinion lock may be held against movement in the adding operations andreleased in order tos'wing about the shaft 96 in the subtractingoperations; it being understood that the cam lock means 99 is operatedby the same means used to change from the adding or subtractingoperations. Pivoted on the extensions, such as 100, of the frame 92 arethe adding step levers A* 101, the upper' ends of which are adapted toseat upon the straight faces of the corresponding adding pinion cams 91and the lower; ends of which are adapted to engage with stops 102 on theactuator bars 13 adjacent to the racks 37;. it being understood thateach step lever operates between its cam and the actuator bar ofnext'highest order. j l

Below the actuator bars and operated by a main shaft (not shown) is therestoring frame shaft 103 upon whichv are the restoring frames 104.There is one of these frames for each actuator bar of the general shapeshown in Fig. 6 andhaving on their upper ends studs or bearings such as105 which contact with the actuator bars 13. These restoring frames arekeyed to the shaft 103 4but the keyways 106 are enlarged as shown sothat the restoring frames 104 have a certain extent of movementindependent of the shaft 103 for a purpose to appear hereafter. Passingaround each of the restoring frames is a spring 107. the ends of whichare held in holes through the shaft 103 so that this spriiw acts as aresilient coupling between the sliaft 103 and the restoring frames 104Within the limits of the keyway 106.

In Figs. 13 to 16 the subtracting mechanism is shown and which operatesas a direct subtracting transfer throughout the machine. For each addingpinion cam there' is a subtracting step lever 108 which is pivoted asaty 109,- the slot 110 in which the pivot acts being large enough topermit of some vertical movement of the lever tension of the spring 111.of this lever 108 has a cam 108 against the The upper end surface 112and below 1s a pin or stud 113 on the side of the Ilever toward thepinion lock 95. Adjacent to each of the subtraction step levers is asubtracting transfer lever 114 arranged to move vertically on the pins115 and 116, and normally held upward by the tension spring 117. On theupper end of the lever 114 is a seat 118 and on the lower end is theextension 119 pivoted at 120 and carryin the roller 121. Thisextensioncan vswing lgreely in the direction toward therear of themachine but cannot swing in the opposite direction because of the stop122. Between the sector bars and under each roller of the subtractingtransfer levers 114 is a subtracting bar 123 having a series of camcontours on its upper edge which I show in this instance as beingapproximately portions of circles. These subtracting bars move at thesame time as the actuator bars but neither" the rate nor the extent oftheir movement need be the same as the actuator barsfor I may obviouslyhave the subtracting bars move to any extent in any time relationlwithin the range of movement of the restoring frame or separateactuating means. Also"- it will be understood that the subtractingltransfer levers 114 extend from the subtracting bars to the pinion lockof the adding pinion of next higher order and likewise that thissubtracting mechanism is brought into action or inhibited from action bya suitable lever or other device evident to one skilled in the art.

In order that no printing can occur in the totalling operation as tothecolumns to the left of the amount so to be printed, I provide a cipherlock foreach of the actuator bars as follows, see Figs. 17 to 19. Oneach of the extensions 100 of the swinging frame 92 is pivoted a cipherlock lever 1 24 (the pivot being the same as for the step lever 101 inFig. 1) having a cam surface 125 on its upper end and a bearing surface126 on its lower end. Below each actuator bar 13 is a cipher lock 127-which has a slot 128 in which is the pivot 129. The leg 130 of thiscipherlock is held against the lower end 126 of the cipher lock lever bythe tension spring 131 while the superior' spring 132 tends to force theupper end 125 of the cipher lock lever against the adding pinion cam 91.The bottom edge of the actuator bar 13 has a cut 133 adapted to receivethe leg 134 of the cipher lock when it is raised. Mounted on and fixedlyattached to the pivot 93 is a catch 135 which'coacts with the lug 136 onthe cipher lock to hold that lock firmly when it raises and enters thecut 133 of the actuator bar. On the opposite side of the cipher lock 127from the lu 136 are the bevelled projections 137 an 138 (also see Fig.22), the view in Fig. 22 showing relative location o'f'these projectionson the cipher lock and the relation of such projections on adjacentlocks, the direction of their operation being from left to right in themachine as indicated by the arrow C in Fig. 22. Therefore these cipherlocks 127 being as in Fig. 21, where the arrow indicates the left of themachine as in Fig. 20, the extreme cipher lock 139 will be the only oneactuated in the totalling operation. As this lock 139 moves upward toengage its actuator bar (Fig.`19) it will carry with it all of thecipher locks to the left of it by reason of the overlapping bevelledprojections as shown in Fig. 22. If there is no amount in the machineand the totalling operation is performed, all of the cipher locks willmove up to lock their actuator bars as all of the bevelled projectionswill be in engagement from left to right as in the five ,right handcolumns of Fig. 21 (left hand columns of the machine as viewed from theposition of the operator) and no one of the actuator bars will move.Under these conditions, the cipher lock lever 124 remains as in Fig. 17which is its normal position when the adding wheel and cam are at zero.However, if there be a number in any one of the columns, as the fourthfrom the left of the machine as indicated in Figs. 20 and 21, then thecipher lock lever is operated by the adding pinion cam (Fig. 18) and thecipher lock 127 for that particular column is thrown rearward so that abreak is made in the continuity of the-bevelled projections as shown inthe fourth column of Fig. 21. Therefore, in the totalling operation, allcipher locks to the left of the fourth column where the break occurswill raise and lock their actuator bars (see 139, Fig. 19) while thecipher lock of the fourth column (such as 127e in Figs. 18'

and 21) will be thrown rearward. This throwing of the one cipher lockbreaks the continuity of the bevelled projections so that no cipher lockto the ri ht of, and including the one thrown forwar ,will raise andtheir actuator bars will be free to move rearward according to theamount in the machine. It will be noted that the condition justexplained and which is illustrated in Fig. 21 is where there is anumeral in the fourth column and zeros in the first three. If there werenumerals in'allof the first four columns, the same result would comeabout, for in that event all of the ci her locks would be thrown out b.reason-o their `cipher lock levers being o their adding pinion cams andthe actuator bars would go rearward as before. While I have illustratedthe action of the cipher locks in a four digit figure, the action is thesame for any number within the range of the machine. The reason forhaving the projections on the cipher locks bevelled is to bring themback into the overlapping position as in Figs., 21 and 22. This isillustrated in Fig. 22a where 137 and 138.

correspond to the same projections in Fig.` 22 on the section takenthrough 22a-22a which is position I. Where the left hand lock 138 isthrown forward and the right hand lock 137 raises, the-projections .arein position II. Durin the totalling operation, 137 does not move ut 138moves in so that the bevelled surfaces are in position III. Afterprinting and during restorin these bevelled surfaces make it possiblefor the 'cipher lock springs 131 to cause the projections 138 to slidearound behind the rojections 137 as in positions IV and until they againassume position I and are then ready to act from left to right in anysucceeding totalling operation.A

In. order to obtain a compact machine, I provide a particular nestingand 'convergence of the actuator bars as illustrated in one form in Fis. 27 to 29, whichbars have sto s on their eyboard ends and racks ontheir rearward ends as previously described. These actuator bars are ofthe flat strip andare of .thel neral formshown in 29 except thatt ecentral actuator bar (for a nine bank machinel) is without lateral bendssuchv as 143- in 144 and 145 would be joined b the art 146. EachAactuator bar to the rigtan left of 66 the central one would have adouble nesting and convergence; that is each one would come up over andup to extend from the keyboard parallelism tothe compact parallelism ofthe printing mechanism. For instance, one', of the intermediate actuatorbars converges toward the center over its right or left'hand bars at asuicient height to give clearance, then u wardly and outwardly at theproper eight. In other words, theactuator bars nest from the cenig.' 29but the parts ter outward and by so doing I secure a simple and verycompact machine.

AdditiomWhen a number is 'p-ut in the machine, the keys depressed willthrow out their keystem locks 29 to move all actuator bar locks (Fig.4), to the right of and including the key depressed, out of the paths oftheir actuator bars while Vonly the zero locks (Fig. 5) corresponding tothe depressed keys will swing away from their actuator bars. Theregistering and printing mechanism is in the position `of Fig. 1, thesubtractingmechanism is idle as shown ,in Fig. 13 and the cipher locksall are in their inoperative position of Fig. 17. When the operatinghandle (not shown) is drawn forward, the restoi'- ing frames 104,willswing and allowkthe actuator bars, which are under spring pull as iscommon in the art, to move rearward. The actuator bars being thus freeto move, those in the columns having depressed keys 'will go rearwarduntil their are selected by the keystems Figs. 24, and 26) and theirprinting segments will bezrotated to register the proper numerals at therinting line. Those actuator.bars

to-'the right having their bai' locks out and their zero locks in, willmove one step rearward as is permitted by the-slots 39 receiving thezero locks, thereby rotating the corresponding printing segments fromblank to zero left, having their locks in, will not move and theirprinting segments will remain with blanks on the printing line. Printingnow takes place by the platen 88v moving quickly against the type of theprinting segments and as the platen resumes its position, the actuatorbars previously locked by their bar locks (those to the left) arefreedand move rearward to their zero positions, being held there by theirzero locks. The frame 92 now swings to carry the adding pinions out oftheir pinion locks 95 'into engagement with the toothed portions oftheir rinting segments (Fig. 2). It will be un erstood that the pinionlocks 95, in the adding operation, are held 'against movement aspreviously described by the cam lock 99 and the stop 98. The machine isnow ready for the return or restoring stroke and there are zeros to theleft on al1 columns in which there are no numbers so that the machine isin o sition for any roper stops 4 position. The actuator bars to thecarry-over which may ta e place. This clockwise direction and the camsof those 'ist not been raised prevent the actuator bars from.

moving forward past their zero position while those actuator bars whosestep levers have been raised can move forward the full distance to theirblank position. This explains the provision for individual restoringfra-mes having the construction shown because in the movement beingdiscussed, while the non carry-over actuator bars are held,

the restoring frames of the free actuator.

bars, by virtue of the spring 107` and the keyway 106, moveforward onestep further which carries those printing segments of i and go to theirzero position sol that actuator*y next higher order from. zero to blankand gives the carry-over on the adding pinion. The carry-over havingbeen accompllshed,

- the adding pinions disengage from the cams and enter the locks 95 andas the frame 92 swings to do this, the adding step levers -are carriedback which gives the feet of those levers which were not raised in thecarry-over, sufficient movement' to allow their actuator b'ars to moveforward to normal position. In doing this the printing segments arerotated from zero to blank but as the adding pinionsare in their locksand out .of engagementh with the toothed portions 85, they arenotatfected by this movement. A s the machine is completely restored tonormal, theactuator bar locks and the zero locks re-enter the actuatorbars, the keystern lock is released and the machine ready for anotheroperation.

The action of the adding step levers in the carry-over operation isshown in Fig. 7 to 12. For the purposes of illustration,` I show twoactuator bars 13 and 13a, the'step lever 101 acting between the stop102e of actuator bar 13a and the adding pinion cam of the actuator bar13 although I show only the foot of this step lever. In Fig. 7 themachine is'at rest with all actuator bars forward so thatythe printingsegments are in their `blank position. In Fig. 8, actuator bar 13 hasmoved rearward l(a number having been put in that column) while actuatorbar 13a remains .forward with step lever 101 in contact with stop 102e.In Fig. 9, all actuator -bars` have been released from their lockspreparatory tothe carry-over bar 13a: moves one step rearward whileneither actuator barl nor step lever 101 has moved. In' Fig. 10 theadding pinions havev swung back to engage theirprinting segmentscarrying with them the adding step levers so that, while the actuatorbars 13 and 13a do not move, the foot of the step lever 101 is drawnback against its stop 102e. In Fig. 11 the adding pinions have beenrotated in the forward stroke of the actuator bars and the adding pinioncam corresponding to actuator bar 13 has thrown up the adding step lever101 (as in Fig. 3) which adding pinion one numeral, thus effecting thecarry-over. This is the position in Fig. 12. From Fia. 12, the addingpinions are disengaged which brings all of the step levers forward, allsector bars go to their blank positions and all step levers are thrownin again as in Figs. 1 and 7. In the case where there are all 9s in themachine and a 1 is put in the first column, the carryover will iirstaffect only the first step-lever to free the second actuator bar andadding pinion, which, in making the necessary moveinent in carrying overwill throw the second step lever so that the carry-over in such case tothe full extent of the 9s in the machine.

attracting-The subtracting operation is covered in Figs. 13l to 16 andat the outset it will be understood that here the times of engagementand disengagementof the adding pinions are opposite to that in theadding operations. That is, the actuator bars which have been releasedby their actuator bar locks move rearward to their zero position atwhich point their corresponding pinions engage with their printingsegments and disengage from those printing segments before the actuatorbars start to move to the front. The normal position of the subtractingmechanism is as shown in Fig. 13. l-Vhen the subtracting lever (notshown) is thrown on the machine the 'various parts assume the relativepositions in Fig. 14 where the adding pinions have gone into engagementwith their segments, the subtracting step lever 10S is thrown rearward,

'the cani lock 99 moves lto free thepinion lock 95 and the adding steplever 101 is thrown up to its inoperative position.

iis

IVhen the operating handle is brought forward, the actuator bars moverearward, the adding pinions are rotated in a counter clockwisedirection and the proper numerals i are brought to the printing line andthe number to be subtracted is printed. 'As heretofore described, thesubtracting bars 123 have a movement to corres 'ondin time with theactuator bars 13 a though this movement may be ofgreater or less extent.

So that, in the movement just described, these subtracting bars willmove rearward with the actuator bars. Also in the rota-- tion of theadding pinions and their cams, some of the subtracting step levers 108will remain as in Fig. 14 while those subtracting step levers whose camshave rotated subtractively through the zero registering position withthe plnions will be thrown back as in Fig. l15 so as to bring the stud113 of' the subtracting step lever 108 under the projection 97 in thelock 95 and on the seat 118 of the subtracting transfer lever 114 so asto force this subtracting transfer lever downward in the path of thesubtracting bar 123 and as. these come rearward no effect is produced onthe subtracting transfer lever 114' because the pivoted knuckle orextension' 119 on that lever allows the roller 121 to swing freelywhenever contacted by the cam surfaces of the subtracting bars. Ofcourse, those subtracting transfer levers '114 which have not beendepressed, as in Fig. 14, will not contact the subtracting bars in anyway. Consequently when the rearward motion of the actuator andsubtracting bars is complete and the carry-over to be made, the addingpinions first leave Y their printing segments and enter the locks andthe actuator and subtractin bars start to move to the front. `In the rstpart of this movement, the pinions beingin their locks and the printingsegments free, the cam surfaces of the subtracting barsgwill contact therollers 121 of the subtracting transfer levers 114 (Fig. 15) and asthese rollers cannotmove forward because of the stop 122 on the ivotedextension 119, the vsubtracting transfiery lever 114 will be forcedupward to carry with it the subtracting step lever 108 and the lock 95.This movement of the lock 95 rotates the numeral pinion one step (Fig.16) to effectthe subtracting transfer. It will be understood that thisundercarry acts from one subtracting bar to the cam of next higher orderfor the' reason that the extension 97 on the pinion lock 95 extends farenough to come above the stud v113 on the subtracting step lever 108 ofthe next lower order. Furthermore, this subtracting transfer occurs atsubstantially simultaneous times throughout the machine because eachsubtracting bar moves aty the same time and affects its subtractingtransfer lever accordingly so that all columns of the machine ymay be soaffected without having to' regard the factor of time in which theoperatlon takes lace. Also, by using the principle describe I make thesubtraction directly and simply because the onewhich would ordinarilyremain in the machine is taken out by the "subtracting transfer stepmotion just described so that only the correct amount remains in themachine after subtraction has taken place. It

restored.

will be noted that the subtracting mechanismjust described could equallywell be used for adding operations by substituting it for the addingmechanism described and thus .ll may further simplify the machine as toparts and manufacture.

Gip/er loda-In the totalling operation it is desirableA not to printciphers to the left of the amount to be totalled and the"v cordingly.The action of the cipher locksoccurs immediately the total key visdepressed and` will be described in detail at a later point. Therefore,the lirst step in the totalling operation is the depression of the totalkey which actuate-s the cipher locks. On the first movement of theoperating handle, all actuator bar locks are thrown out and all of thoseactuator "bars which areI not `held by their cipher locks` move to theirzero position. The adding pinions then go into mesh with their printingsegments followed by the release of all of the zero locks on theactuator bars. The actuator bars thus freed. willmove forward, thenumeral pinions will be rotated in' a counter clockwise directionaccordingly until the straight faces of the adding pinion cams come intocontact with and abut their adding step levers in the zero position, asshown in Figure 1. Those actuator bars in which there are zeros wouldnot move, their adding pinions being held inthe position of Fig. 1.'

While those actuator bars in which there are numerals would moverearward and rotate their numeral pinions until they were stopped in thezero position by Contact of the cams with their adding step levers. Theprinting segments having been thus brought to the proper printingpositions according to the number in the machine, -printing takes place,the platen moves away from contact with the type and the numeral pinionsdisengage from the printing segments. This' completes the strokeof theoperating handle and on the return stroke the actuator bars go forwardto their blank position and all of the actuator bar locks `and zerolocks arel During ythe totalling operation the cipher locks havefunctioned as follows. As here,-

tofore, described these ciphery locks have bevelled projections, as 137,138, in Fig. 17

'which overlap from fight to left (Fig. 22),

Y assess@ raising from in to the right past the point .of breao` Igorinstance, in a total of four columns the fourth column would have itscipher lock throwni rearward (as in Fig. 18) for there is a numeral inthat column, its addin pinion cam is not at zero and the cipher docklever 124 is against the cani.v Consequently, this throwing rearward ofthe fourth cipher lock has broken the sequence of overlappingprojections as at 12711 in Figs. 20 a'nd 21. In both of these figuresthe left of the machine is indicated by an arrow. Therefore, in thetotalling operation all cipher locks will raise from ,the left to locktheir actuator bars and will so raise successively until the point ofbreak .at 127a in Fig. 20 and 21 is reached. The bevelled projection ofthis lock being out of line, neither it nor the locks to the right of itwill raise and those actuator bars will be free to move rearward. toprint the correct total. The action described is followed throughout,the point of break de ending upon the total in the machine and i all'columns are used, no ci her lock will raise for it will be understoothat each lock is actuated from its left hand neighbor, the leftmost onebeing actuated from the total lever mechanism. v l

While I have described my invention in its preferred form there are manychanges and Variations which may be made, without departing fromthespirit thereof and I desire to include all such changes and variationswitln'n the scope of my claims.

I claim: 1. In a calculating machine, the combination of a keyboard anddepressible keysy arranged thereon in series, the ke s of each serieshaving alined stems provided with lock-engaging' means, pivotallymounted keystem locks common to the respective series of keys, means toswing said locks into locking engagement with the keystems of depressedkeys, longitudinally movable actuator bars common to the respectiveseries of keys, a series of pivoted actuator bar-locking membersnormally in delayed locking relation to said bars, each member beingresponsive to movement of any key in its series through movement of thecorresponding keystem lock to move out of locking relation with its bar,and a second series of pivoted actuator bar-locking members normally'invlocking relation to said bars and responsive to movement of any key intheirrespective series through movement of their corresponding keystemlocks, the members of said second series being so associated 0 that onmovement of one member of the series like movement is`imparted `to` eachmember of the series at one side thereof.

z. In a calculating machine, the combination of a keyboard and.depressible ke s ar` y615 ranged thereon series, the keys o each serieshaving alined stems providedvwith lock-enga g recesses, A pivotallymounted keystem ocks common to the r ective series of keys, means toswing said loc into locking engagement with the keystems of depressedkeys, longitudinally movable actuator bars common to the respectiveseries of keys, a series of pivoted actuator barlocking members disposedadjacent one end ofthe keyboard and each having its lower end normallydisposed within a recessed portion of an actuator bar, said membersbeing responsive to movement of any key in their respective seriesthrough movement of their corresponding keystem locks, and a second;series of pivoted actuator bar-locking members dis osed adjacent theopposite end of the key oard and likewise responsive to movement -of anykey in their respective series through movement of their correspondingkeystem locks, each said member of said second series having its lowerend normally disposed within a second recessed portion of an actuatorbar, and each also contacting with the next adjacent locking 90 memberin the series, so that when .one of said members of said second seriesis moved all ofthe other members *of said second series on one sidethereof will be simultaneously moved.

3. In a calculating machine, a row of keys having alined stems providedwith lock-engaging means, a pivotally mounted keystem lock extendinglongitudinally of said row of keys and in position to be swung, on deression of any ke of the row, into loc 'ng engagement wit the stemthereof, a longitudinally movable actuator bar associated with saidkeys, a pivoted actuator bar-locking member normally in delayed lockingrelation to said bar, and a second pivoted actuator bar-locking membernormally in locking relation to said bar, and means carried bysaidkeysteni lock and' adapted to swing therewith to move said actuatorbar-lock- 11 ing members on their pivots out of locking relation to saidbar.

4. In a calculatin machine, a row of keys, a slidable actuator ar nestedwithin alined openings defining a guideway therefor in the stems of saidkeys, said openings being so shaped that guiding contact is provided byeac Y keystem on both sides of said bar j both when the keys are innormal and in depressed position.

5. In a calculatin machine a row of keys, a slidable actuator ar nestedwithin alined openings defining a'guideway therefor in the stems of saidkeys, said openings being so shaped that guiding contact is provided byeach keystem on both sides of said bar both when the keys are in normaland in depressed osition, and stops arranged in staggered re ation onthe keystems and said bar, a single stop on each bar co-acting only witha stop common thereto on a particular depressed key while other stopscarried by said bar are permitted to pass through the stem of saiddepressed key.

6. In a calculating machine, a row of'keys, a slidable actuator barnested within alined openings defining a guideway therefor in the stemsof said keys', said openings being so shaped that guiding contact isprovided by each keystem on both sides of said bar both when the keysare in normal and in depressed position, stops arranged in staggeredrelation on both the top and bottom edges of said bar, and stops carriedby the keystems, the stop on each keystem being adapted to Yco-act onlywith a stop common thereto on a particular depressed key while adjacentstops carried by said bar on both the top and bottom. edges arepermitted to pass through cut-away portions of said keystem'adjacentsaid guideway.

7 In a calculating machine, a row of keys, a slidable actuator barnested within alined openings defining a guideway therefor in the stemsof said keys, and stops arranged in staggered relation on the keystemsand said bar, a single stop on each bar co-acting only with a stopcommon thereto on a particular depressed key while other stops carriedby said bar are permitted to pass through 'the opening in the stem ofsaid depressed key.

8. In a calculating machine; a row of keys; a slidable actuator barnested within alined openings defining a guideway therefor in the stemsof said keys; stops extending alternately from opposite sides of saidbar along the length of said bar near the upper edge thereof: similarstops near the lower edge of said bar, the stops near the upper edge ofsaid bar being staggered with respect to the stops near the lower edgethereof; and a stop on each keystem, the keystem stops of said row of-keys being staggered relatively to each other for causing the keystemstop of a depressed key to engage' a single stop provided therefor onsaid bar and for permitting other stops on said bar to pass freelythrough the stem of said depressed key.

9. In a calculating machine having a registering member, a printingmember and a l longitudinally movable actuator bar for effectingoperation vof said members; a plurality of stops on said bar, said stopsextending alternately from opposite sides of said bar at the top andbottom edges thereo f; eachv of said stops;v corresponding to a singleregistering and printing value; adepressible key having a stem formedwith an opening therein for receiving and guidingy said bar; and a stopformed on said keystem and extending into said opening 'for engagementwith said stops for limiting the movement of said actuator bar, saidkeystem being positioned transversely of said bar at a pointcorresponding to the registering and printing value of said key forcausing said keystem stop, upon depression of said key and movement ofsaid actuator bar, to engage a stop extending from either side of said4actuator bar to limit the movement of said bar to an amountcorresponding to the registering and printing value of said key.,

10.. In a calculating `machine having a registering member, a printingmember, and a longitudinally movable actuator bar for effectingoperation of said members; a plurality of stops on said bar, said stopsextending from opposite sides of said bar along the length of said. barat the top and bottom edges thereof; each of said stops corresponding toa single registering and printing value; .a depressible key having astem formed with an opening therein for receiv- -ing and guiding saidbar; and a stop on said keystem extending into said opening forengagement with one of said stops for .limiting the movement of saidactuator bar,

said keystem being positioned on said bar at a point corresponding tothe registering and printing value of said key for causing from oppositesides Yof said bar at both the top and bottom edges thereof, each ofsaid .stops corresponding to a single registering value; a plurality ofdepressible keys for controlling said actuator bar in its movements tooperate said registering member; a keystem for each key, said keystemshaving similarly formed openings therein; similarly positioned stops oneach keystem extending 'into said openings for engagement with the stopson said actuator bar for limiting the movement of said bar to operatesaid registering member, each keystem being positioned longitudinally ofsaid bar at a point corresponding to the registering value of theassociatedkey andbeing reversible with respect to said bar for causingthe stop on said keystem to engage that stopv at one side and edge ofsaid actuator bar Which corresponds to the registering value of said keyand'A for permitting the `plurality of stops extending alternately stopson thev opposite side of said bar and at the other edge thereof to passthrough said keystem Without engaging the stop on July, 1925.

FRANCIS A. HOSACK.

' CERTIFICATE oT CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1, 823,859.v Granted September 15, 1931, te

FRANCIS A. .HOSACIL llt ishereby Certified that error appears in theprinted specification of the above numbered patent requiring Correctionas follows: Page 2, line 12, for "smaller" read similar; line 62, for"key" read keystenl; line 87, for the nu mei-al "78" read 12; page 8,line 45., for "undercarry" read subtracting transfer; and that the saidLetters Patent should be read with these Corrections therein that thesame may conform to the record of the Case in the Patent Office.

` Signed and sealed this 17th day' of November, A. D. 1931.

M. J. Moore,

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patente.

